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Organohalogenic compounds - contaminants of environment
Kociánová, Veronika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers belong to group of brominated flame retardants. Important property of these substances is their ability to reduce flammability or to prevent ignition of many products of daily use, such us televisions, carpets, mattresses and many others. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers however are characterized by high persistence and lipophility, leading to their accumulation in the environment. In recent years, concerns about the effects of organic halogen compounds on human health, suggesting their inclusion in the list of persistent organic pollutants in 2009. These contaminants are capable of long-range transport and accumulation in the environment. Therefore, the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers is systematically observed in the abiotic and biotic components of the environment worldwide. Their presence has been demonstrated in areas that are clearly very distant from sources of contamination. This thesis is focused on the use of gas chromatography to assess the level of contamination of selected components of the environment, especially of soil. For these purposes was used method of gas chromatography with electron capture detection mass spectrometry.
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Question of new halogen containing compounds in environment
Roček, Richard ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The target of my bachelor´s thesis is fabrication of literary recherche on theme brominated flame retardants. Into this group belong primarily polybrominated diphenyl ethers and compound hexabromocyclododecane. These compounds belong to perzistent organic polutants, whose production grew to the late time. Nowadays there are occur in almost all part sof environment. For their determination is using liquid and gas chromatography methods connected with mass spectrometry detection.
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Determination of selected xenobiotics in plant bioindicators
Čechová, Eliška ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Monitoring of environment is basic aspect of detection of environment state. It is practice by analysis of water, air, soil and bioindicators. This thesis is aimed at elected bioindicators of plant origin, needles of pine-tree and spruce, and at determination of chosen xenobiotic, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in this bioindicators. PBDE are used as flame retardants and they are occurred in all components of environment, thanks to their properties and ability of bioaccumulation. In thesis is described separation of substances from sample using different extraction techniques and final gas chromatography. Experimental part is aimed at sample preparation, determination of chosen congeners PBDE and comparison of effectivity of used extraction techniques.
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Determination of polybrominated diphenylethers in matrices from fireplaces
Čechová, Eliška ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers belong among the persistent compounds, which have been classified as priority organic pollutants. In environmental compartments are observed in the past decade. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are detected in abiotic and biotic matrices. For this dissertation were chosen the matrixes from seats of fire, taken in various localities of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Their analysis should demonstrate whether they in these specific matrices remain. There were examined following polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners: BDE- 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183. For their isolation from the matrix were used three different extraction techniques, namely ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction and pressurized solvent extraction. For the determination was chosen method of GC / ECD. In this dissertation are also described basic chemical, physical and environmental properties of BDE, including other analytical methods that can be used to determine polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental compartments.
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Influence of technological processes on the content of priority contaminants in wastewater treatment plants
Mikulíková, Iva ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Water is one of the most abundant substances on Earth and it is an essential part of our lives. Its pollution has an impact on the whole ecosystem. Polybrominated diphenyl ethersare synthetic persistent organic pollutants used as flame retardants in various commercial and household products. This thesis is focused on assesing the degree of elimination of PBDEs in wastewater treatment plants with different technological processes of purification. The samples were collected in the three wastewater treatment plants in the south-moravian region, that means WTP Brno – Modřice, WTP Mikulov and WTP in VFU Brno.
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Influence of technological processes on the content of priority contaminants in wastewater treatment plants
Mikulíková, Iva ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Water is one of the most abundant substances on Earth and it is an essential part of our lives. Its pollution has an impact on the whole ecosystem. Polybrominated diphenyl ethersare synthetic persistent organic pollutants used as flame retardants in various commercial and household products. This thesis is focused on assesing the degree of elimination of PBDEs in wastewater treatment plants with different technological processes of purification. The samples were collected in the three wastewater treatment plants in the south-moravian region, that means WTP Brno – Modřice, WTP Mikulov and WTP in VFU Brno.
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Organohalogenic compounds - contaminants of environment
Kociánová, Veronika ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers belong to group of brominated flame retardants. Important property of these substances is their ability to reduce flammability or to prevent ignition of many products of daily use, such us televisions, carpets, mattresses and many others. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers however are characterized by high persistence and lipophility, leading to their accumulation in the environment. In recent years, concerns about the effects of organic halogen compounds on human health, suggesting their inclusion in the list of persistent organic pollutants in 2009. These contaminants are capable of long-range transport and accumulation in the environment. Therefore, the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers is systematically observed in the abiotic and biotic components of the environment worldwide. Their presence has been demonstrated in areas that are clearly very distant from sources of contamination. This thesis is focused on the use of gas chromatography to assess the level of contamination of selected components of the environment, especially of soil. For these purposes was used method of gas chromatography with electron capture detection mass spectrometry.
|
|
|
Determination of polybrominated diphenylethers in matrices from fireplaces
Čechová, Eliška ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers belong among the persistent compounds, which have been classified as priority organic pollutants. In environmental compartments are observed in the past decade. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are detected in abiotic and biotic matrices. For this dissertation were chosen the matrixes from seats of fire, taken in various localities of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Their analysis should demonstrate whether they in these specific matrices remain. There were examined following polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners: BDE- 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183. For their isolation from the matrix were used three different extraction techniques, namely ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction and pressurized solvent extraction. For the determination was chosen method of GC / ECD. In this dissertation are also described basic chemical, physical and environmental properties of BDE, including other analytical methods that can be used to determine polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental compartments.
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|
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Question of new halogen containing compounds in environment
Roček, Richard ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The target of my bachelor´s thesis is fabrication of literary recherche on theme brominated flame retardants. Into this group belong primarily polybrominated diphenyl ethers and compound hexabromocyclododecane. These compounds belong to perzistent organic polutants, whose production grew to the late time. Nowadays there are occur in almost all part sof environment. For their determination is using liquid and gas chromatography methods connected with mass spectrometry detection.
|
|
|
Determination of selected xenobiotics in plant bioindicators
Čechová, Eliška ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Monitoring of environment is basic aspect of detection of environment state. It is practice by analysis of water, air, soil and bioindicators. This thesis is aimed at elected bioindicators of plant origin, needles of pine-tree and spruce, and at determination of chosen xenobiotic, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in this bioindicators. PBDE are used as flame retardants and they are occurred in all components of environment, thanks to their properties and ability of bioaccumulation. In thesis is described separation of substances from sample using different extraction techniques and final gas chromatography. Experimental part is aimed at sample preparation, determination of chosen congeners PBDE and comparison of effectivity of used extraction techniques.
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